How can the issue price of no-par value common shares be determined?

The issue price of no-par value common shares can indeed be determined through various methods, and this flexibility is provided under corporate governance guidelines.

A notable aspect of no-par value shares is that they do not have a stated par value assigned to them in the articles of incorporation. Instead, the governing laws allow for several ways in which the issue price can be determined.

When it's fixed in the articles of incorporation, it gives the corporation a set baseline for pricing shares, which can be helpful for transparency and consistency. However, it is also common for the Board of Directors to determine the issue price, as they have the authority to assess market conditions, the company's financial standing, and investor demand to set an appropriate price.

Additionally, stockholders who represent a majority may also have a say in setting the issue price, particularly in cases where certain corporate actions require approval from shareholders. This collaborative approach ensures that the interests of both management and ownership are taken into account.

Therefore, since all methods listed—being established in the articles of incorporation, fixed by the Board of Directors, or decided by a majority of stockholders—are permissible under the law, selecting any of these means results in answer D being correct. This reflects the flexibility corporations have in struct